A wind turbine is a mechanical device. that acts to change the kinetic energy from the movement of the wind into mechanical energy Then the mechanical energy is utilized. Wind turbines that are commonly used in Thailand from the past to the present include wind turbines with wooden turbine blades used for dragging the wheel of water into the rice fields.
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Canvas wind turbines are used to pull salt water into the salt fields. and multi-blade wind turbines Made of steel plates used for pumping water from the well up to the storage tank.
type of wind turbine
At present, the development of wind turbine technology for electricity generation has been continuously developed. Many countries around the world have paid attention. especially in Europe such as Denmark Wind turbines that have been developed have different characteristics and shapes. But if wind turbines are classified according to the axis of the blades, there will be 2 types:
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (Horizontal Aris Wind Turbine)
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine It is a wind turbine whose axis of rotation is parallel to the direction of the wind, with the propellers set at the right angle to absorb the wind force, such as Windmill, Lam Pan Leaf Wind Turbine. Multi-stage wind turbines for water pumping The 3-blade wind turbine has been continuously developed and is currently being used the most. due to its high energy conversion efficiency
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (Vertical Anis Wind Turbine)
It is a wind turbine with a rotating axis and The propeller is perpendicular to the horizontal movement of the wind. which makes it possible to receive horizontal winds in all directions
Horizontal axis wind turbines are widely used. Most of them are designed to be the type that drives the turbine blades with lift force. Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Which has been developed a lot lately, has received more attention as well. This is because of the advantages over the horizontal axis. In the vertical axis, no matter which direction the wind comes in, it can still rotate. Without having to control the turbine to face the wind. In addition, the vertical axis The generator and transmission system is placed closer to the ground than the horizontal axis. When there is a problem, it is easier to solve than the horizontal axis that is attached to a high tower.
Advantages of Vertical Axis Turbine
Easy to maintain because the parts are installed close to the ground.
The propeller axis is vertical, rudder is not needed.
Less material than the horizontal axis able to move and Easy to install, light weight
Disadvantages of Vertical Axis Turbine
The installation location must be a flat area only. The slope cannot be installed.
vertical axis wind turbine There must be a tether.
less efficient than horizontal wind turbines
Aerodynamics of wind turbines
New generation wind turbines, the turbine blades resemble the wings of an airplane. To make wind turbines more efficient in converting wind energy into electricity. and to understand the aerodynamics of wind turbines. Let’s talk about the aerodynamics of the aircraft’s wings first as follows.
When an aircraft is moving forward, the nature of the air flowing through the wings of the aircraft. There will be lift force on the aircraft wings. This is because the air above the wings of an airplane moves faster.
Principle of lifting force on aircraft wings Used to make the turbine rotate as well. That is, when the wind blows through the blades of the wind turbine, there will be lift at the bottom of the turbine. This lift will cause the turbine to turn.
Power of wind energy
k/volume=12pv2 Therefore, the power of wind energy is equal to
wind power = ∑kvolumevolumetime
= 12pv2Av
wind power (P) = 12pAv3
where P is the power of the wind and p is the density of the air.
A is the cross-sectional area exposed to the wind v is the velocity of the wind.
If all wind energy can be converted into wind turbine energy The power of the wind turbine can be calculated from Equation (4 – 1), but the energy of the wind cannot be transferred to all wind turbines. because when the wind blows through the windmill The wind still had a lot of energy left. From a detailed study it was found that wind energy can only transfer about 60% of the energy to the turbine at most (ideally).
